TRAINING OF EXPERTS OF AEER ACCREDITATION CENTER

The article analyzes the materials of a training seminar for the experts in professional and public accreditation of engineering education programs. The seminar was held within the framework of the International scientific school “Engineering education for a new industrialization”. The paper adduces the qualification requirements for the candidates of AEER (Association for Engineering Education of Russia) experts and describes the competence model of AC AEER experts

Problems of wave dynamics of the systems that support moving loads

The work is devoted to the study of the stability of mechanical systems with moving loads. We consider lumped objects that move uniformly along the distributed elastic systems. For example, sliding train supports vibrating, excited in the rails elastic waves, which can lead to instability

Nonlinear Spatial Localized Strain Waves

A possible way of study of single waves in solids is discussed. The soliton is one of these waves without shape and parameters varying. Soliton deformation parameters are connected with the elastic moduli of the third order that allows defining values of these moduli by means of the measured solitondeformation parameters in various type waveguides made of the same material. The conditions under which a soliton can exist in a rod are analytically determined. For simultaneous excitation of loading in several wave guides two new energetic photosensitive structures (the mixtures are given) initiated by means of short light impulses of noncoherent light sources are proposed. Conditions of excitation of the waves on the basis of multipoint optical initiation loading impulses are described. As a technique for registration the shadowgraph visualization is proposed. It is discussed, how the problem connected to the use of energetic initiation structures consisting in the power background illumination can be solved. The shadow scheme with the use of a tiny dot explosive light source (Tbr ~41 kK) allows to carry out modelling experiments on research of slabbing actions, jet formations, fluffings, hydrodynamic instability during shock-wave loading of investigated samples, which makes it attractive for determination of parameters in equations-of-state for investigated materials, creation of numerical models and their validation. Some examples showing basic possibility of application of the declared techniques are included

Problems of wave dynamics of the systems that support moving loads

The work is devoted to the study of the stability of mechanical systems with moving loads. We consider lumped objects that move uniformly along the distributed elastic systems. For example, sliding train supports vibrating, excited in the rails elastic waves, which can lead to instability

Analysis of Environmental, Legislative and Technological Aspects of the Choice of Non-aqueous Working Bodies for Power Plants

In the conducted researches there is a task of a choice of a working body for a heat power circuit of power plants on non-aqueous working substances with possibility of considerable increase of power efficiency of a cycle and safety of operation of plants in view of restrictions of the Montreal and Kyoto protocols. In an experimental study of the possibility of using fluorocarbon working bodies and SF6 as working bodies of energy cycles, positive results have been obtained both in terms of increasing the safety of operation of power plants and increasing their reliability, and in terms of energy efficiency. However, their use as working bodies was delayed by the extremely long lifetime in the atmosphere by the Lifetime criterion.When calculating material balances of fluorocarbons and SF6 gas in the atmosphere based on the new IPCC-2013 data, a discrepancy of four orders of magnitude of the Lifetime criterion is found with the initial data given by IPCC-94. Based on these data, restrictions are introduced on the use of these substances within the framework of the commitment of the countries participating in the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC. This gives grounds for the use of fluorocarbons and SF6 gas without restrictions on the basis of the greenhouse hazard, since the lifetime of these substances in the atmosphere does not exceed 2 years.The use of fluorocarbons and SF6 gas as working bodies of energy cycles will significantly reduce energy consumption in the refrigeration industry and will significantly increase the efficiency in generating electricity at TPPs and NPPs, while reducing energy consumption by 20–25 %

Thermoluminescent and Dosimetric Properties of Zirconium Dioxide Ceramics Irradiated with High Doses of Pulsed Electron Beam

Thermoluminescent (TL) properties of monoclinic zirconium dioxide ceramics were studied in order to assess the possibility of their use for measuring high doses (on the order of kGy) of pulsed electron beams (130 keV). Two types of samples were used: those synthesized by sintering in an electric furnace at T = 700–1700 °C and those synthesized in a flow of high-energy electrons (1.4 MeV) with a high power density. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns using the Scherrer method revealed that annealing of ceramics of the first type at T > 1000 °C leads to a significant increase in the size of crystallites, which correlates with a significant increase in the intensity of the TL peak at 390 K. Type 2 ceramics synthesized by the electron beam method have the maximum TL response. Using the peak shape analysis method, the kinetic parameters of TL (activation energy, frequency factor, and kinetic order) were calculated. This study marks the first instance of establishing the patterns of influence of synthesis conditions and crystallite size on their values. The presence of an intense isolated TL peak, the sublinear nature of most dose dependencies, and negligible fading indicate the promise of the ceramics synthesized in this work for measuring high doses (several to tens of kGy)

Justification of the Use of Composite Metal-Metal-Polymer Parts for Functional Structures

The additive manufacturing of metal parts takes up an increasing number of areas of mechanical engineering, but it still remains too expensive for mass use. Based on the experience in the production of combined metal-metal-polymer forming parts of molds, a new method for the production of composite parts from a metal shell filled with metal-polymer is proposed. As a basis for the study, strength calculations are given by the finite element method for the details of the exoskeleton and a sample of simplified geometry. Comparison of the strength characteristics of parts made of various materials and their combinations showed high strength characteristics of a composite part made of a metal shell and a metal-polymer filler. The metal-metal polymer composite part is distinguished not only by its high strength but also by a significantly lower cost, due to the reduction in the volume of 3D printing with metal. The problems of obtaining composite structures are also discussed. The main problem is the development of a metal-polymer casting technology. The process of filling a thin-walled shell with a metal-polymer causes difficulty

Characterization of primary normal and malignant breast cancer cell and their response to chemotherapy and immunostimulatory agents

Abstract Background The phenomenon of chemotherapy-resistant cancers has necessitated the development of new therapeutics as well as the identification of specific prognostic markers to predict the response to novel drugs. Primary cancer cells provide a model to study the multiplicity of tumourigenic transformation, to investigate alterations of the cellular response to various molecular stimuli, and to test therapeutics for cancer treatment. Methods Here, we developed primary cultures of human breast tissue – normal cells (BN1), cancer cells (BC5), and cells from a chemotherapy-treated tumour (BrCCh1) to compare their response to conventional chemotherapeutics and to innate immunity stimulators with that of the immortalized breast cells MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF10A. Expression of the progesterone receptor (PGR), oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 and 3 and aromatase CYP19, as well as expression of interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) mRNA in human breast cells were characterized. Results We revealed that BC5 carcinoma cells were PGRlow/ERbhigh/ERa−/Cyp19+, the BrCCh1 cells that originated from the recurrent tumour were PGR−/ERb+/ERa−/Cyp19+, and normal BN cells were PGR−/ERb+/ERa−/Cyp19high. The treatment of primary culture cells with antitumour therapeutics revealed that BrCCh1 cells were doxorubicine-resistant and sensitive to cisplatin. BC5 cells exhibited low sensitivity to tamoxifen and cisplatin. The innate immunity activators interferon-α and an artificial small nucleolar RNA analogue increased expression of IFIT3 at different levels in primary cells and in the immortalized breast cells MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF10A. The relative level of activation of IFIT3 expression was inversely correlated with the baseline level of IFIT3 mRNA expression in breast cell lines. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that primary cancer cells are a useful model for the development of novel cancer treatments. Our findings suggest that expression of IFIT3 mRNA can be used as a prognostic marker of breast cancer cell sensitivity to immunostimulating therapeutics